Criminal procedure means adversarial judicial process prosecuted by a public official and initiated by a formal complaint, information or accusation in which a person is charged with an offence called criminal by applicable law and punishable by death, imprisonment or a prison sentence. Intentional prosecution is the baseless initiation of criminal proceedings against another person. To prove malice, the plaintiff must prove that the primary motive for initiating criminal proceedings was not to bring the defendant to justice. Classic cases include procedures initiated to extort money or to enforce contracts.
Although there is no liability for reporting the facts to the police or other components of the criminal justice system, if the prosecution was the result of biased statements of the facts, incomplete reports, or the persuasion of the accused (political, sexual, religious, etc.), liability for malicious acts could be proven the prosecution. Nor can they be defined precisely enough to properly inform defense attorneys what conduct to avoid. An error by the lawyer, even if it is not professionally reasonable, does not justify annulling the sentence of a criminal proceeding if the error had no effect on the sentence. Currently, in many countries with a democratic system and the rule of law, criminal procedure imposes the burden of proof on the prosecution, that is, it is up to the prosecution to prove that the accused is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, rather than for the defense to prove that he is innocent, and the doubt is resolved in favor of the defendant.
In English law, the prosecution must prove the guilt of a criminal “beyond a reasonable doubt; but the plaintiff in a civil action is obliged to prove his case “according to the probabilities”. For “Conspiracy”, Contempt”, “Information”, “Jurisdiction”, “Libel”, “Negligence”, Operation, see those titles. If the defendant has given testimony at his trial, he can be cross-examined on those statements in a subsequent civil action, regardless of the criminal verdict. This action automatically initiates a criminal case, forcing an otherwise reluctant public prosecutor to participate.
However, if the person has already been named as a defendant in criminal proceedings, they can have access to an advocate at any time. Finally, a close relative or guardian can entrust an advocate on behalf of a detained alleged offender or defendant. Because any evidence can be used in a possible criminal proceeding, comprehensive documentation cannot be emphasized enough. Criminals understand that in today's environment it is very likely that sooner or later they will face justice.
Gross argued that of all the disciplines needed for criminal justice, in addition to law, the most important is psychology. Evidence presented in a criminal trial is not necessarily admissible in a civil action on the same matter, just as evidence given in a civil case is not necessarily admissible in a criminal trial. In Anglo-American law, the party bringing a criminal action (that is, in most cases, the state) is called an indictment, but the party bringing a civil action is the plaintiff.
